In a recent interview with China Daily's #DialogueswithThinkers#, Luo Qingming, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and president of Hainan University, offered a simple yardstick for “new quality productive forces”: is there a large enough market and real demand? Citing UN data, he noted that about 12 percent of the world’s population lives with neurological or mental health conditions - pointing to major potential for BCI in rehabilitation, diagnosis and treatment, for both invasive and non-invasive approaches. But as markets don't build themselves, Luo stressed that innovation is the source, application scenarios must be refined over time, and because BCI directly involves people, ethics and regulation have to keep pace. In his view, like EVs, BCI may take a long runway - before a sudden takeoff.