According to the results of the seventh national census in 2020, the total population of 19 cities and counties in the province is 10081232. Compared with the 8,671,485 population in the sixth national census in 2010, the population of the province increased by 1409747, an increase of 16.26%, with an average growth rate of 1.52%. Among the population of the whole province, the population living in cities and towns is 6075981, accounting for 60.27%; The population living in rural areas is 4005251, accounting for 39.73%.

Hainan Province is located at the southernmost tip of China. The northern part of Hainan and Guangdong Province are delimited by the Qiongzhou Strait. The west of Hainan is opposite to Vietnam, and they are separated by the Beibu Gulf. The eastern and southern parts of Hainan are deep in the South China Sea, adjacent to the Philippines, Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia. The administrative area of Hainan Province includes the islands and reefs of Hainan Island, Paracel Islands, Zhongsha Islands, and Nansha Islands and their sea areas. It is the largest province in the country. The province's land (mainly including Hainan Island, Xisha, Zhongsha, and Nansha Islands) has a total area of 35,400 square kilometers and a sea area of about 2 million square kilometers. The total length of the coastline is 1944 kilometers, and there are 68 harbors of varying sizes.

Hainan Province is the country’s largest "Tropical Treasure Land" with a total land area of 3.518 million hectares, accounting for 42.5% of the country’s tropical land area, and a per capita land area of about 0.44 hectares. Due to the superior conditions of light, heat and water, farmland can be planted all year round, and many crops are harvested 2 to 3 times a year.

Hainan Island has a tropical monsoon oceanic climate. The basic characteristics of Hainan Island are as follows: Hainan Island has unclear four seasons, no extreme heat in summer, no severe cold in winter, small annual temperature range, and high annual average temperature. Hainan Island has obvious dry and rainy seasons, arid winter and spring, rainy summer and autumn, and many tropical cyclones; Hainan Island is rich in light, heat and water resources, and weather disasters such as wind, drought and cold are frequent. The annual average temperature of Hainan Island is 22.5-25.60C, the annual sunshine hours are 1780-2600 hours, the total solar radiation is 4500-5800 MJ/m2, and the annual precipitation is 1500-2500 mm (about 1000 mm on the western coast).